Artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie specyfiki aktorstwa radiowego. Wskazuje na podobieństwa i różnice z teatralną i telewizyjną formą sztuki aktorskiej, określa cechy wyróżniające grę w teatrze radiowym w stosunku do innych mediów. Omawia także metody pracy reżyserów Teatru Polskiego Radia z aktorami podczas prób i nagrań słuchowisk.

The decidability of the logic of pure ticket entailment means that the problem of inhabitation of simple types by combinators over the base { B, B′, I, W } is decidable too. Type-assignment systems are often formulated as natural deduction systems. However, our decision procedure for this logic, which we presented in earlier papers, relies on two sequent calculi and it does not yield directly a combinator for a theorem of ${T_\to}$. Here we describe an algorithm to extract an inhabitant (...) from a sequent calculus proof—without translating the proof into another proof system. (shrink)

A complete translation of Aristotle's classic that is both faithful and readable, along with an introduction that provides the modern reader with a means of understanding this seminal work and its impact on our culture. In this volume, Joe Sachs (translator of Aristotle's _Physics, Metaphysics,_ and the _Nicomachean Ethics _)also supplements his excellent translation with well-chosen notes and glossary of important terms. Focus Philosophical Library translations are close to and are non-interpretative of the original text, with the notes and a (...) glossary intending to provide the reader with some sense of the terms and the concepts as they were understood by Aristotle’s immediate audience. (shrink)

Internet jest przestrzenią, która otworzyła nowe możliwości prezentowania dziedzictwa kulturowego. Wraz z rozwojem sieci użytkownicy zyskali dostęp do cyfrowych kopii książek, dzieł sztuki oraz wizualizacji 3D zabytkowych budowli i całych miast. Kontakt z kulturą za pośrednictwem mediów nigdy wcześniej nie był tak łatwy. Trudno nie docenić tych możliwości, szczególnie mając w pamięci niedawne czasy pandemii, kiedy to kontakt z kulturowym dorobkiem człowieka ograniczał się głównie do form online. Zasoby online to ogromny rezerwuar materiałów wszelkiego typu, z którego użytkownicy wybierają zazwyczaj (...) te odpowiadające ich zainteresowaniom i preferencjom. Na stronach i platformach internetowych można znaleźć bogaty wachlarz multimediów, tekstów, zdjęć, filmów, symulacji i rekonstrukcji, materiałów związanych z każdym okresem kulturowej i artystycznej działalności człowieka. Różne są też źródła, z których zostały one zaczerpnięte. Duża część materiałów to cyfrowe kopie dzieł sztuki, skany manuskryptów, starodruków, starych fotografii i filmów, udostępnione na oficjalnych stronach instytucji kultury: muzeów, bibliotek czy archiwów. Jeszcze liczniejszą grupę stanowią zasoby, które zostały udostępnione w Internecie w efekcie spontanicznych, oddolnych praktyk jego użytkowników, udostępniających materiały pochodzące z ich prywatnych zbiorów. Są to m.in. zdjęcia wykonane eksponatom muzealnym, pomnikom i zabytkom, a także filmy kręcone w historycznych miejscach. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na problem prezentacji w cyberprzestrzeni treści związanych z dziedzictwem kulturowym oraz korzyści, jakie płyną z digitalizacji zasobów dziedzictwa kulturowego1. Rzadko zwraca się przy tym jednak uwagę na zagrożenia związane z rozpowszechnianiem tych materiałów online. Te same technologie, które pozwalają na prezentowanie obiektów kulturowych w cyfrowych mediach, prowadzą często do przedstawień daleko odbiegających od ich oryginalnego wyglądu, a czasem – do dekontekstualizacji. Zbyt duże zaufanie do możliwości współczesnej technologii może w efekcie prowadzić do degradacji kultury. W tekście przedstawiono przykłady podstawowych problemów związanych z tym zagadnieniem. (shrink)

Selected Logic Papers, long out of print and now reissued with eight additional essays, includes much of the author's important work on mathematical logic and ...

Nudging works through dispositions to decide with specific heuristics, and has three component parts. A nudge is a feature of an environment that enables such a disposition; a person is nudged when such a disposition is triggered; and a person performs a nudged action when such a disposition manifests in action. This analysis clarifies an autonomy-based worry about nudging as used in public policy or for private profit: that a person’s ability to reason well is undermined when she is nudged. (...) Reasoning well is a component of self-guidance, which is an aspect of autonomy and so something there is reason to promote, preserve, or respect. However, a person can reason well when she is nudged: Many of these heuristics are good rules to reason with, and she can be flexible with respect to them when she takes there to be a better way to reason. Along the way, this paper uncovers several design specifications for responsible nudging, and discusses open empirical questions. However, nudging’s being compatible with reasoning well crystallizes a distinct worry about manipulation: that nudge designers can rely on nudged people guiding themselves toward the designers’ own ends. Manipulation of this sort exploits one aspect of autonomy (namely, self-guidance) to undermine autonomy in other respects. (shrink)

`Folk Psychology' - our everyday talk of beliefs, desires and mental events - has long been compared with the technical language of `Cognitive Science'. Does folk psychology provide a correct account of the mental causes of our behaviour, or must our everyday terms ultimately be replaced by a language developed from computational models and neurobiology? This broad-ranging book addresses these questions, which lie at the heart of psychology and philosophy. Providing a critical overview of the key literature in the field, (...) including the seminal work of Fodor and Churchland, the author explores the classic `Frame Problem' and assesses the future prospects of cognitive science. The scope of the frame problem, touching on connec. (shrink)

_Selections_ seeks to provide an accurate and readable translation that will allow the reader to follow Aristotle's use of crucial technical terms and to grasp the details of his argument. Unlike anthologies that combine translations by many hands, this volume includes a fully integrated set of translations by a two-person team. The glossary--the most detailed in any edition--explains Aristotle's vocabulary and indicates the correspondences between Greek and English words. Brief notes supply alternative translations and elucidate difficult passages.

Some cognitive processes appear to have “phenomenal” properties that are directly revealed to the subject and not determined by physical properties. I suggest that the source of this appearance is the method by which our brain processes sensory information. The appearance is an illusion. Nonetheless, we are not mistaken when we judge that people sometimes fee lpain.

These seventeen lectures given in 1963 focus largely on Kant, 'a thinker in whose work the question of morality is most sharply contrasted with other spheres of existence'. After discussing a number of the Kantian categories of moral philosophy, Adorno considers other, seemingly more immediate general problems, such as the nature of moral norms, the good life, and the relation of relativism and nihilism. In the course of the lectures, Adorno addresses a wide range of topics, including: theory and practice, (...) ethics as bad conscience, the repressive character, the problem of freedom, dialectics in Kant and Hegel, the nature of reason, the moral law as a given, psychoanalysis, the element of the Absurd, freedom and law, the Protestant tradition of morality, Hamlet, self-determination, phenomenology, the concept of the will, the idea of humanity, The Wild Duck, and Nietzsche's critique of morality. (shrink)

Appearing in English for the first time, Schelling’s 1842 lectures develop the idea that many philosophical concepts are born of religious-mythological notions.

There are two alternative approaches to accommodating an agent-centered restriction against, say, φ-ing. One approach is to prohibit agents from ever φ-ing. For instance, there could be an absolute prohibition against breaking a promise. The other approach is to require agents both to adopt an end that can be achieved only by their not φ-ing and to give this end priority over that of minimizing overall instances of φ-ing. For instance, each agent could be required both to adopt the end (...) of minimizing their own promise-breakings and to give this end priority over that of minimizing promise-breakings overall. The former is what I’ll call the side-constraint approach, and the latter is what I’ll call the teleological approach. In this chapter, I argue that, when it comes to accommodating restrictions, we should (1) favor the teleological approach over the side-constraint approach, (2) favor an act-consequentialist approach over a non-consequentialist, teleological approach (such as Rossian pluralism), and (3) favor a Kantsequentialist approach over other act-consequentialist approaches, where Kantsequentialism is a version of act-consequentialism that holds that persons are ends-in-themselves who are inherently and unconditionally valuable and are, thus, owed our respect. (shrink)

Is it ethical to treat a death row inmate only to stabilize him or her for eventual execution? What happens when a military provider receives highly sensitive intelligence from a client?